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Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is a very serious and widespread disease that affects most of the systems in the body. It is currently the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. It is responsible for a staggering 210,000 deaths annually and steadily rising.

What exactly is Diabetes? There are two major types of Diabetes: Type I (formerly known as juvenile onset diabetes) and Type II (which is much more common). High blood glucose levels that lead to a host of problems characterize both types.

Type I Diabetes is a disease involving the pancreas in which the body destroys its own B cells and the pancreas can no longer make insulin. With no insulin to move glucose into body cells, glucose sits in the bloodstream and the levels soar. Telltale signs and symptoms usually appear especially thirst, hunger, excessive urination and fatigue. This type is more common in people under 30 and often appears in childhood. The peak onset is 11-13 years of age. Insulin injections are required for the remainder of the sufferer’s life. This can be very difficult for a child who is battling diabetes. Complications such as heart disease, strokes, blindness and limb amputations due to vascular disease are frequently found also. Fortunately, Type I Diabetes accounts for only 5-10% of all types of diabetes.

In sharp contrast, Type II Diabetes claims a whopping 90% of all types of diabetes. It usually starts at age 35 or older and is especially common in the elderly. In type II Diabetes, there can be a combination of problems. The pancreas is still able to make insulin, but often it does not make enough and/or the cells are not able to use the insulin. Unlike Type I Diabetes, insulin injections are not always necessary, because the body can often still make some insulin. Sometimes oral medications, regular exercise and good nutrition are able to control the high glucose levels.

In many ways, the two types of diabetes are similar. Type II Diabetes frequently displays the same symptoms as Type I, but they are usually much milder or absent if the disease is kept under control. Exercise and proper nutrition is essential for controlling both types, but Type I patients tend to be thin, while Type II patients are usually obese. The same kinds of complications, especially heart disease, often plague Type II patients.

Type I Diabetes can have a profound impact on the lives of children diagnosed with it. Not only do they have to adjust to major life

How do you inject insulin? Watch a real demostration and learn abvout the different types of insulin – novorapid, lantus, NPH and more. Learn about the types of needles to use, when to inject, how to do corrections, and everything else that’ll get you started!
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pcp.onlinemindanao.com Type 2 diabetes mellitus today is a global epidemic, a continuing challenge despite the availability of effective therapeutic agents. Current treatment guidelines emphasize early and aggressive treatment targetting the known pathophysiological defects in type 2 diabetes. Yet the reality in clinical practice shows that fewer than 50% of patients under treatment achieve HbA1c levels even in developed countries. More recently, the addition of incretin-based therapy offers significant solutions to the progressive loss of pancreatic beta cell function and other unmet needs in effective diabetes management. In this session, the role of diminished incretin effects in the metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes will be reviewed. The mechanism of actions and the therapeutic uses of both incretin enhancers and incretin mimetics will be discussed, highlighting efficacy and safety data since they have been available for use in clinical practice. The role of these agents in addressing earliest defects in glucose homeostasis and postprandial hyperglycemia implies potential of preservation of beta cell function. Incretin-based therapy should clearly be considered as a major part of effective diabetes management in current clinical practice.